1725 – Foundation of Rosario in Argentina.

1777 – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.

1779 – The Fort Wilson Riot takes place.

1795 – Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence with a "Whiff of Grapeshot", using cannon to suppress armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the French Legislature (National Convention).

1795 – Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence with a "Whiff of Grapeshot", using cannon to suppress armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the French Legislature (National Convention).
What does Grapeshot smell of?

1830 – Creation of the state of Belgium after separation from The Netherlands.

1853 – Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia.

1876 – Texas A&M University opens as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, becoming the first public institution of higher education in Texas.

1883 – First run of the Orient Express.

1883 – First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.

1895 – The first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship administered by the United States Golf Association is played at the Newport Country Club in Newport, Rhode Island.

1918 – An explosion kills more than 100 and destroys the T.A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant in Sayreville, New Jersey. Fires and explosions continue for three days forcing massive evacuations and spreading ordnance over a wide area, pieces of which were still being found as of 2007.

1927 – Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.

1940 – Meeting between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini at the Brenner Pass.

1941 – Norman Rockwell's Willie Gillis character debuts on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post.

1943 – World War II: U.S. captures Solomon Islands.

1927 – Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gutzon_Borglum_1919.jpg/220px-Gutzon_Borglum_1919.jpg

1957 – Avro Arrow roll-out ceremony at Avro Canada plant in Malton, Ontario.

1957 – Leave It To Beaver premieres on CBS.

1958 – Fifth Republic of France is established.

1960 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, crashes after a bird strike on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport, killing 62 of 72 on board.

1963 – Hurricane Flora, kills 6,000 in Cuba and Haiti.

1965 – Becoming the first Pope to ever visit the United States of America and the Western hemisphere, Pope Paul VI arrives in New York.

1966 – Basutoland becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed Lesotho.

1974 – Founding of the New Democracy party in Greece.

1976 – Official launch of the Intercity 125 High Speed Train (HST).

1983 – Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph (1,019 km/h), driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert of Nevada.

1985 – Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts, United States.

1988 – U.S. televangelist Jim Bakker is indicted for fraud.

1991 – The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is opened for signature.

1992 – The Rome General Peace Accords ends a 16 year civil war in Mozambique.

1992 – El Al Flight 1862: an El Al Boeing 747-258F crashes into two apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 39 on the ground.

1993 – Russian Constitutional Crisis: In Moscow, tanks bombard the White House, a government building that housed the Russian parliament, while demonstrators against President Boris Yeltsin rally outside.

2001 – NATO confirms invocation of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.

2001 – Siberia Airlines Flight 1812: a Sibir Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes into the Black Sea after being struck by an errant Ukrainian S-200 missile. 78 people are killed.

2004 – SpaceShipOne wins Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight, by being the first private craft to fly into space.

610 – Heraclius was crowned Byzantine Emperor, after having personally beheaded the previous emperor Phocas.

1789 – French Revolution: Upset about the high price and scarcity of bread, thousands of Parisian women and their various allies (pictured) marched on the royal palace at Versailles.

1789 – French Revolution: Upset about the high price and scarcity of bread, thousands of Parisian women and their various allies (pictured) marched on the royal palace at Versailles.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles01.jpg

1908 – Prince Ferdinand became the first Tsar of Bulgaria since the Ottoman invasion in the 14th century.

1962 – Dr. No, the first in the James Bond film series, was released.

1973 – Seven nations signed the European Patent Convention, providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted.

869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

1143 – King Alfonso VII of León recognises Portugal as a Kingdom.

1450 – Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria by order of Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria.

1550 – Foundation of Concepción, city in Chile.

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1665 – The University of Kiel is founded.

1793 – French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.

1813 – Battle of Thames in Canada; Americans defeat British.

1857 – The City of Anaheim is founded.

1864 – The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die.

1869 – The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region of Maritime Canada. The storm had been predicted over a year before by a British naval officer.

1877 – Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles.

1895 – The first individual time trial for racing cyclists is held on a 50-mile course north of London.

1903 – Sir Samuel Griffith is appointed the first Chief Justice of Australia and Sir Edmund Barton and Richard O'Connor are appointed as foundation justices.

1905 – Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.

1910 – In a revolution in Portugal the monarchy is overthrown and a republic is declared .

1914 – World War I: first aerial combat resulting in a kill.

1915 – Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.

1921 – Baseball: The World Series is broadcast on the radio for the first time.

1930 – British Airship R101 crashes in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.

1930 – British Airship R101 crashes in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/R101_wreckage.jpg/220px-R101_wreckage.jpg
The wreckage of R101

1936 – The Jarrow March sets off for London.

1944 – Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.

1944 – Suffrage is extended to women in France.

1945 – Hollywood Black Friday: A six-month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.

1947 – The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman.

1948 – The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake kills 110,000.

1953 – The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.

1953 – The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.
I'll drink to that!

1966 – Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.

1968 – Police baton civil rights demonstrators in Derry, Northern Ireland – considered to mark the beginning of The Troubles.

1969 – The first episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus airs on BBC.

1969 – The first episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus airs on BBC.

I'll drink to that!

1970 – The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded.

1970 – Montreal, Quebec: British Trade Commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group, triggering the October Crisis.

1973 – Signature of the European Patent Convention.

1974 – Guildford pub bombings: bombs planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) kill four British soldiers and one civilian.

1981 – Raoul G. Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.

1982 – Chicago Tylenol murders: Johnson & Johnson initiates a nationwide product recall in the United States for all products in its Tylenol brand after several bottles in Chicago are found to have been laced with cyanide, resulting in seven deaths.

1984 – Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 – Israeli secret nuclear weapons are revealed. The British newspaper The Sunday Times runs Mordechai Vanunu's story on its front page under the headline: "Revealed — the secrets of Israel's nuclear arsenal".

1988 – The Chilean opposition coalition Concertación (center-left) defeats Augusto Pinochet in his re-election attempt and a general election is called the following year.

1990 – After one hundred and fifty years The Herald broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.

1991 – An Indonesian military transport crashes after takeoff from Jakarta killing 137.

1991 – The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released.

1999 – The Ladbroke Grove rail crash in west London kills 31 people.

2000 – Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Serbian strongman Slobodan Milošević. These demonstrations are often called the Bulldozer Revolution.

2001 – Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.

869 The Fourth Constantinople (8th Ecumenical) Council opened under Pope Adrian II in the West and Emperor Basil I in the East. During its six sessions, the council condemned iconoclasm. It was the last ecumenical council held in the East.

1744 Following his ordination, David Brainerd, 26, began three years of intense missionary labors among the Indians along the Susquehannah River in New Jersey. Increasing illness from the elements led to Brainerd's premature death, after only three years.

1833 Birth of William G. Tomer, American Civil War veteran and Methodist hymnwriter. It is to his tune, FAREWELL, that today we sing the hymn, "God Be With You Till We Meet Again."

1969 Death of Harry Emerson Fosdick, 91. He pastored Riverside Church in New York City 1926-46, and authored the enduring hymn, "God of Grace and God of Glory."

1989 Ten months after being indicted by a federal grand jury, televangelist Jim Bakker, 50, was found guilty on 24 counts of mail and wire fraud. Three weeks later, on October 24th, Bakker was fined $500,000 and sentenced to 45 years in prison.

1962 - Beatles release their 1st record "Love Me Do"

69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: Forces of the Roman Republic captured the Armenian capital city Tigranakert.

1683 – German immigrants to the Pennsylvania Colony founded Germantown, the first permanent German settlement in North America.

1976 – Two bombs placed by CIA-linked anti-Castro Cuban exiles exploded aboard Cubana Flight 455, killing all 78 aboard.

1981 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat (pictured) was assassinated while attending a parade in Cairo to mark the eighth anniversary of the Crossing of the Bar Lev Line at the start of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.

1981 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat (pictured) was assassinated while attending a parade in Cairo to mark the eighth anniversary of the Crossing of the Bar Lev Line at the start of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anwar_Sadat_1978.jpg/68px-Anwar_Sadat_1978.jpg

1985 – Police constable Keith Blakelock was killed during rioting in the Broadwater Farm housing estate in Tottenham, London.

105 BC – Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus.

68 BC – Battle of Artaxata: Lucullus averts the bad omen of this day by defeating Tigranes the Great of Armenia.

404 – Empress Eudoxia has her seventh and last pregnancy who ends in a miscarriage. She is left bleeding and dies of an infection short after.

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day is skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1600 – Jacopo Peri's Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance in Florence, signifying the beginning of the Baroque Period

1762 – Seven Years' War: conclusion of the Battle of Manila between Britain and Spain, which resulted in the British occupation of Manila for the rest of the war.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: General Sir Henry Clinton leads British forces in the capture of Continental Army Hudson River defenses in the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery.

1789 – French Revolution: Louis XVI returns to Paris from Versailles after being confronted by the Parisian women on 5 October

1849 – The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.

1854 – The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead starts shortly after midnight, leading to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.

1876 – The American Library Association was founded.

1884 – The Naval War College of the United States Navy is founded in Newport, Rhode Island.

1889 – Thomas Edison shows his first motion picture.

1898 – Ossian Everett Mills founds Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia in Boston, Massachusetts.

1903 – The High Court of Australia sat for the first time.

1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1910 – Eleftherios Venizelos is elected Prime Minister of Greece for the first time (7 times in total).

1923 – The great powers of World War I withdraw from Istanbul

1927 – Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent talking movie.

1939 – World War II: The last Polish army is defeated.

1945 – Baseball: Billy Sianis and his pet billy goat are ejected from Wrigley Field during Game 4 of the 1945 World Series (see Curse of the Billy Goat).

1973 – Egypt launches a coordinated attack with Syria against Israel leading to the Yom Kippur War.

1945 – Baseball: Billy Sianis and his pet billy goat are ejected from Wrigley Field during Game 4 of the 1945 World Series (see Curse of the Billy Goat).
The Curse of the Billy Goat was supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs in 1945 when Billy Goat Tavern owner Billy Sianis was asked to leave a World Series game against the Detroit Tigers at the Cubs' home ground of Wrigley Field because his pet goat was eating other fans' hot dogs. He was outraged and declared, "Them Cubs, they aren't gonna win no more," which has been interpreted to mean that there would never be another World Series game won at Wrigley Field. The exact nature of the curse differs in various accounts of the incident. Some state that Sianis declared that no World Series games would ever again be played at Wrigley Field, while others believe that his ban was on the Cubs appearing in the World Series, making no mention of a specific venue. Sianis’ family claims that he dispatched a telegram to team owner Philip K. Wrigley which read, “You are going to lose this World Series and you are never going to win another World Series again. You are never going to win a World Series again because you insulted my goat.” Whatever the truth, the Cubs were up two games to one in the ’45 series but ended up losing Game 4 and the best-of-seven series, four games to three. The curse was immortalized in newspaper columns over the years, particularly by syndicated columnist Mike Royko, and gained widespread attention during the 2003 postseason when Fox television commentators played it up during the Cubs-Marlins match-up in the National League Championship Series.

1976 – New Premier Hua Guofeng orders the arrest of the Gang of Four and associates and ends the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China.

1976 – Massacre of students gathering at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand to protest the return of ex-dictator Thanom, by a coalition of right-wing paramilitary and government forces, triggering the return of the military to government.

1977 – In Alicante, Spain, fascists attack a group of MCPV militants and sympathizers, and one MCPV sympathizer is killed.

1977 – The first prototype of the MiG-29, designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight.

1979 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House.

1985 – PC Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London.

1987 – Fiji becomes a republic.

1995 – 51 Pegasi is discovered to be the first major star apart from the Sun to have a planet (and extrasolar planet) orbiting around it.

2000 – Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević resigns.

2000 – Argentine vice president Carlos Álvarez resigns.

2002 – The French oil tanker Limburg is bombed off Yemen.

2007 – Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the globe.

1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: A Venetian army under Bartolomeo d'Alviano (pictured) was decisively defeated by the Spanish army commanded by Ramón de Cardona and Fernando d'Avalos.

1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: A Venetian army under Bartolomeo d'Alviano (pictured) was decisively defeated by the Spanish army commanded by Ramón de Cardona and Fernando d'Avalos.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Bartolomeo_d%27Alviano.jpg/72px-Bartolomeo_d%27Alviano.jpg

1571 – A Western Christian coalition inflicted a significant defeat upon the Ottoman Navy near the Gulf of Corinth in the Battle of Lepanto in what has been called the most decisive naval battle since the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.

1868 – Cornell University in Ithaca, New York opened, with an initial enrollment of 412 students the next day.

1933 – Five French airline companies merged to form Air France.

2003 – Californians voted to recall Governor Gray Davis from office and elected Arnold Schwarzenegger from a list of 135 candidates.

2001 – The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.

1982 – Cats opens on Broadway and runs for nearly 18 years before closing on September 10, 2000.

3761 BC – The epoch reference date epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar (Proleptic Julian calendar).

1477 – Uppsala University is inaugurated after receiving its corporate rights from Pope Sixtus IV in February the same year.

1542 – Explorer Cabrillo discovers Santa Catalina Island off the California coast.

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day is skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1691 – The English royal charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.

1763 – George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements.

1776 – Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Americans defeat the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights.

1780 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kings Mountain American Patriot militia defeat Loyalist irregulars led by British colonel Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina.

1800 – French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent inspiring the traditional French song Le Trente-et-un du mois d'août.

1826 – The Granite Railway begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S.

1828 – The city of Patras, Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force in the Peloponnese under General Maison.

1840 – Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.

1862 – Royal Columbian Hospital (RCH) opens as the first hospital in the Canadian province of British Columbia

1864 – American Civil War: USS Wachusett captures the CSS Florida Confederate raider while in port in Bahia, Brazil.

1870 – Franco-Prussian War – Siege of Paris: Leon Gambetta flees Paris in a balloon.

1879 – Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance.

1912 – The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.

1916 – Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222-0 in the most lopsided college football game in American history.

1919 – KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, is founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.

1924 – Andreas Michalakopoulos becomes Prime Minister of Greece for a short period of time.

1929 – Photios II becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

1940 – World War II: the McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.

1942 – World War II: The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.

1944 – World War II: Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp, Jewish prisoners burn down the crematoria.

1949 – The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is formed.

1958 – President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza, with the support of General Ayub Khan and the army, suspends the 1956 constitution, imposes martial law, and cancels the elections scheduled for January 1959.

1958 – The U.S. manned space-flight project is renamed Project Mercury.

1959 – U.S.S.R. probe Luna 3 transmits the first ever photographs of the far side of the Moon.

1960 – Nigeria joins the United Nations.

1963 – John F. Kennedy signs the ratification of the Partial Test Ban Treaty.

1971 – Oman joins the United Nations.

1977 – The adoption of the Fourth Soviet Constitution.

1985 – The Achille Lauro is hijacked by Palestine Liberation Organization.

1985 – The Mameyes landslide kills close to 300 in the worst landslide in North American history.

1991 – Bombing of Banski dvori in Zagreb.

1993 – The Great Flood of 1993 ends at St. Louis, Missouri, 103 days after it began, as the Mississippi River falls below flood stage.

1998 – Matthew Shepard, a gay student at the University of Wyoming, is found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten by two young adults in Laramie, Wyoming.

2004 – King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates, replaced by his son Norodom Sihamoni a week later.

2006 – Russian journalist and human rights activist Anna Politkovskaya is shot and killed outside her home in Moscow.

1810 - Birth of Henry Alford, Anglican scholar. He was a member of the 1881 ERV Bible translation committee, but is better remembered today for writing the hymn "Come, Ye Thankful People, Come."

1832 - Birth of Charles Converse, American lawyer and sacred composer. Converse penned the hymn tune CONVERSE, to which we sing today "What a Friend We Have in Jesus."

1930 - Missionary linguist Frank C. Laubach wrote in a letter: 'Beside Jesus, the whole lot of us are so contemptible.... But God is like Jesus, and like Jesus, He will not give up until we, too, are like Jesus.'

1943 - While WWII was raging, the American Council of Volunteer Agencies for Foreign Service was formed. It was as an interfaith venture to bring Protestant, Catholic and Jewish agencies involved in international relief together under one roof.

1955 - The religious drama 'Crossroads' first aired over ABC television. An anthology which dramatized true experiences of clergymen of all denominations, the program ran for two years.

314 – Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses his European territories.

451 – The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council in Christianity, opened. It repudiated the Eutychian doctrine of monophysitism, and set forth the Chalcedonian Creed.

1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia.

1200 – Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England.

1480 – Great standing on the Ugra river, a standoff between the forces of Akhmat Khan, Khan of the Great Horde, and the Grand Duke Ivan III of Russia, which results in the retreat of the Tataro-Mongols and the eventual disintegration of the Horde.

1573 – End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in Eighty Years War.

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1600 – San Marino adopts its written constitution.

1645 – Jeanne Mance opened the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first lay hospital in North America.

1645 – Jeanne Mance opened the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first lay hospital in North America.
Is that the first hospital in which patients got to lie down?  ;D

1806 – Napoleonic Wars: Forces of the British Empire lay siege to the port of Boulogne in France by using Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve.

1806 – Napoleonic Wars: Forces of the British Empire lay siege to the port of Boulogne in France by using Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve (pictured).
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sir_William_Congreve%2C_2nd_Bt_by_James_Lonsdale.jpg/200px-Sir_William_Congreve%2C_2nd_Bt_by_James_Lonsdale.jpg

1813 – The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bayern and Austria.

1821 – The government of general José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy.

1829 – Rail transport: Stephenson's The Rocket wins The Rainhill Trials.

1829 – Rail transport: Stephenson's The Rocket wins The Rainhill Trials.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg/200px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg

1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River.

1860 – Telegraph line between Los Angeles and San Francisco opens.

1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Perryville – Union forces under General Don Carlos Buell halt the Confederate invasion of Kentucky by defeating troops led by General Braxton Bragg at Perryville, Kentucky.

1871 – Four major fires break out on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Holland, Michigan, and Manistee, Michigan including the Great Chicago Fire, and the much deadlier Peshtigo Fire.

1879 – War of the Pacific: the Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos, Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau is killed in the encounter.

1895 – Eulmi incident- Queen Min of Joseon, the last empress of Korea, is assassinated and her corpse burnt by the Japanese in Gyeongbok Palace.

1897 – Composer Gustav Mahler (pictured) was appointed the director of the Vienna Court Opera.

1897 – Composer Gustav Mahler (pictured) was appointed the director of the Vienna Court Opera.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg/80px-Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg

1904 – Edmonton, Alberta was incorporated as a city.

1904 – Prince Albert, Saskatchewan was incorporated as a city.

1912 – First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against Turkey.

1918 – World War I: In the Argonne Forest in France, United States Corporal Alvin C. York leads an attack that kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.

1921 – KDKA in Pittsburgh's Forbes Field conducts the first live broadcast of a football game.

1928 – Joseph Szigeti gives the first performance of Alfredo Casella's Violin Concerto.

1932 – The Indian Air Force is established.

1939 – World War II: Germany annexes Western Poland.

1941 – World War II: In their invasion of the Soviet Union, Germany reaches the Sea of Azov with the capture of Mariupol.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Crucifix Hill occurs on Crucifix Hill just outside Aachen. Capt. Bobbie Brown receives a Medal of Honor for his heroics in this battle.

1952 – The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash kills 112 people.

1956 – New York Yankees's Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in a World Series; one of only 20 perfect games in MLB history.

1962 – Spiegel scandal: Der Spiegel publishes the article "Bedingt abwehrbereit" ("Conditionally prepared for defense") about a NATO manoeuver called "Fallex 62", which uncovered the sorry state of the Bundeswehr (Germany's army) facing the communist threat from the east at the time. The magazine is soon accused of treason.

1962 – Algeria joins the United Nations.

1967 – Marxist revolutionary and guerrilla leader Che Guevara was captured near La Higuera, Bolivia.

1967 – Marxist revolutionary and guerrilla leader Che Guevara was captured near La Higuera, Bolivia.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/CheHigh.jpg/250px-CheHigh.jpg

1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Sealords – United States and South Vietnamese forces launch a new operation in the Mekong Delta.

1969 – The opening rally of the Days of Rage occurs, organized by the Weather Underground in Chicago, Illinois.

1970 – Vietnam War: In Paris, a Communist delegation rejects US President Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a maneuver to deceive world opinion".

1973 – Yom Kippur War: Gabi Amir's armored brigade attacks Egyptian occupied positions on the Israeli side of the Suez Canal, in hope of driving them away. The attack fails, and over 150 Israeli tanks are destroyed.

1973 – Greek military junta of 1967–1974: Junta strongman George Papadopoulos appoints Spyros Markezinis as Prime Minister of Greece with the task to lead Greece to parliamentary rule.

1974 – Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States.

1978 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 317.60mph at Blowering Dam, Australia.

1982 – Poland bans Solidarity and all trade unions.

1990 – Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: In Jerusalem, Israeli police kill 17 Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount.

1991 – Croatia votes to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia, making the country fully independent

1998 – Oslo's Gardermoen airport opens after the close down of Fornebu airport.

2001 – At Linate Airport in Milan, Italy, Scandinavian Airlines Flight SK686 collided on take-off with a Cessna Citation II business jet, killing 118 people.

2001 – U.S. President George W. Bush announces the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security.

2005 – 2005 Kashmir earthquake: Thousands of people are killed by a magnitude 7.6 earthquake in parts of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

451 - The Council of Chalcedon opened, near Constantinople. Dealing mainly with the Eutychian Christological heresy, the council created a confession of faith which has ever since been regarded as the highest word in Early Christian orthodoxy.

1901 - The American branch of Overseas Missionary Fellowship was chartered. Founded as the China Inland Mission in 1865 by missionary pioneer J. Hudson Taylor, OMF adopted its present name at its centenniel celebration in 1965.

1917 - New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary was chartered in New Orleans by P. I. Lipsey. The school opened for its first classes in September 1918.

1924 - In New York City, the National Lutheran Conference banned the playing of jazz music in the local churches.

1986 - The first North American Congress on the Holy Spirit and World Evangelization opened in New Orleans. It drew 7,000 leaders from 40 denominations, and stressed the part which the charismatic experience plays in evangelization.

1971 - John Lennon releases his megahit "Imagine"

768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.