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Subject: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/18/03 at 01:27 p.m.

My friendly neighborhood used-book store sold me a slick little box of Evidence flash cards (I didn't know law students used flash cards).  Anyway, I'm gonna turn them into a quiz contest.

I'll write the scenario. The first person to answer correctly, with a short "because" statement, gets a point.  Then we'll move on to the next question.  The game'll go on til someone reaches 10 points and proves they're a lot smarter than all of us.  Here's a sample question and answer:

Q: Peter Pan is knocked unconscious in a barroom brawl.  He is rushed to the Emergency Room, where he is examined and treated by Dr. Feelgood.  As Feelgood is examining Peter, a packet of angel dust falls from Peter's pocket.  At Peter's trial for possession of a controlled substance, the prosecutor calls Feelgood to testify as to what he saw in the emergency room.  Peter objects, claiming doctor/patient privilege.  How do you rule?
A: Objection overruled.  Where the information the doctor receives covers something non-medical, ofr the facts are those a layperson could observe, they will be considered outside the scope of the privilege.

So, objection overruled and not covered by doctor/patient privilege would be the right answer.

Here's the real question:
#1
Brutus is on trial for the murder of Julius Caesar, which took place on March 15.  In his final argument, Brutus' counsel, Attorneus (yeah, they're really written like this), makes reference to the fact that March 15 was a Wednesday -- something that didn't come up in trial.  Could the judge allow the comment, or must the prosecutor be given an opportunity to dispute it?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/18/03 at 04:21 p.m.

I would say that the judge would allow it because I think the day of the week would be common knowledge-anyone can look on a calender and see what day of the week it was.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/18/03 at 04:37 p.m.

Quoting:
I would say that the judge would allow it because I think the day of the week would be common knowledge-anyone can look on a calender and see what day of the week it was.



Cat
End Quote



And the first point of the game goes to... Catwoman!!!

Tally:
Catwoman- 1
World- 0

Here's the card's answer:
Although advance notice is normally required, the judge could allow the argument here to continue, since the fact that March 15 was a Wednesday is easily verifiable through a calendar.  If the fact were not easily verifiable in an indisputably accurate souce, the court could forbid the argument.

Here's the next one:
#2
Popeye sues Bluto for battery.  Bluto calls Dr. Seahag as a witness.  The defense asks Seahag about comments made to her by Olive Oyl, concerning Olive Oyl's obtaining treatment from Dr. Seahag.  Can Popeye's attorney object on the grounds of doctor/client privilege?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/18/03 at 04:47 p.m.

I don't know about doctor/client privilege but I would think it was irrellivent to the case. Also, I would think that was hearsay.


See, watching Judge Judy is paying off. lol



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/18/03 at 05:58 p.m.

Ummm... question two is still open... http://www.click-smilie.de/sammlung/cool/cool007.gif

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/19/03 at 00:05 a.m.

I would have to say Yes.  It is up to Olive to waive dr/patient priviledge, not the Dr.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 07:47 a.m.

No.  A third party isn't entitled to assert the privilege, because the privilege exists solely for the patient's benefit.
Since Olive Oyl isn't a party to the case, she can't assert it herself; however, Seahag could assert it on her behalf, which is what usually happens
No points awarded.

Score so far:
Catwoman- 1

Question 3

Mickey is on trial in federal court for conspiring with Donald to defraud Goofy.  At Mickey's trial, the prosecutor calls Mickey's wife Minnie to the stand to testify as to a conversation between Mickey and Donald that she heard while married to Mickey.  Mickey objects, citing the spousal testimony privilege.   Can Minnie tesify anyway, if she wants to?
This one is gonna go to the swift, cause you don't got any explaining to do, unless you're prepared to cite Trammel v. U.S....http://www.click-smilie.de/sammlung/cool/cool030.gif

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: dagwood on 01/19/03 at 07:57 a.m.

Yes, Minnie can testify if she wants.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 08:15 a.m.

We have a Winner!
Answer 3
Yes -- the choice is entirely hers.  In federal criminal trials (as well as in some state courts), a spouse may testify against the other spouse regardless of whether the other spouse consents, since the privilege to testify belongs to the witness-spouse only.  Trammel v. U.S.  (Note that if Minnie wished to tesify as to things Mickey told her while they were married, she would probably be prevented from doing so if Mickey objected, since all courts who recognize the marital confidence privilege agree that the spouse who made the communication can assert the privilege)

Tally:
Catwoman - 1
Dagwood - 1

Question 4
Hamlet is at a dinner party, and, after a couple of drinks, he turns to a man next to him and says, "Guess what?  I just killed Polonius!"  It turns out the gentleman is a lawyer.  At Hamlet's murder trial, where he is represented by a public defender, the state calls Hamlet's dinner companion to testify to Hamlet's statement.   Hamlet claims attorney-client privilege.  Is the privilege applicable?"

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: dagwood on 01/19/03 at 08:43 a.m.

I wouldn't think so because the attorney he talked to wasn't the attorney representing him.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 09:20 a.m.

Dagwood slam dunks her second in a row!
Answer 4
No.  Although the witness is a lawyer, he isn't Hamlet's lawyer.  If an attorney-client relationship doesn't exist at the time of the communication, then the privilege isn't applicable.
NOTE: On the other hand, if Hamlet asked the man's legal advice about, say, how to avoid getting convicted if he should be charged with the crime, and the man gave it to him, there would be and attorney-client relationship between them, even if Hamlet didn't pay for the advice.

Tally:
Dagwood - 2
Catwoman - 1

Question #5
Charles Kiting visits Attorney Myles Crooked and says, "I'm planning on bilking millions of innocent people out of their life savings in a fraudulent real estate investment scheme and I need your help in setting it up."  Crooked agrees, and they set to work.   When Kiting is subsequently tried for fraud, Crooked is called as a witness by the state.  Kiting objects to his testimony, claiming attorney/client privilege.  How do you rule?  (Do you sustain or overrule the defense's objection, and why)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: TripsMom on 01/19/03 at 09:29 a.m.

Overrule the objection. The attorney had knowledge ahead of time of illegal activity and he was not acting as a lawyer. No client/attorney privilege. ???

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 09:51 a.m.

Judges, may we have a ruling on Tripsmom wording?
TripsMom scores!
Answer #5
Objection overruled.  When legal services are sought in connection with planning or commiting a future crime or fraud (as opposed to defending against prosecution for an already-committed crime or fraud), there is no attorney/client privilege.
RELATED ISSUE: The privilege is also inapplicable where an attorney performs a non-lawyer role, e.g., as a witness to a will, ro as an executor or trustee.

Tally:
Dagwood- 2
Catwoman - 1
TripsMom - 1

Question 6
Lizzie Borden runs in to the legal offices of Dewey, Cheatham and Howe, brandishing an axe dripping blood.  When one of the women in the waiting room screams, Attorney Dewey runs out, and Borden tells him (in front of the screaming woman): "I've just murdered my parents!  Will you defend me?"  Dewey does so.  At her trial, prosecutor calls the woman from the waiting room to testify to Borden's statement.  Borden objects, claiming attoreny/client privilege.  How do you rule? Sustain or overrule defense's objection, and why.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/19/03 at 12:26 a.m.

Overruler because the woman was not her lawyer. Also at the time she made the statement, Dewey was not her lawyer. Also, by speaking out in public, (i.e. the waiting room) she waived that right.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 12:48 a.m.

The Cat is back!
Answer 6
Objection overruled.  To be privileged a communication must be confidential.  Thus, the presence of a third party (the screaming woman) destroyed the privilege here.
NOTE: Although there was no formal attorney/client relationship established before the statement was made, preliminary discussions are covered by the privilege.  Thus if Lizzie and Dewey had been alone when they had this preliminary discussion, the privilege would have applied.

Tally:
Catwoman - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 7
Don Juan sues Haidee's father, the pirate, for damages to his back when the father locks him in chains on a pirate ship.  Don Juan testifies at the trial.  On cross-examination, he is asked whether he ever sued a cruise ship for back injuries he incurred in a shipwreck.  Don Juan's lawyer objects to the question claiming it is irrelevant.  Is the testimony relevant? Give a brief reason for your decision.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/19/03 at 01:17 p.m.

Yes, because if he had a back injury prior to being held on the pirate ship, than it can be concluded that he did not recieve a back injury on the pirate ship.


By the way, I love these, Steve. Keep them coming.  :)



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 02:22 p.m.

The Cat claws her way to the top!
Answer 7
Yes.  The answer to the question is relevant to Don Juan's claim for damages, since some of his injuries could have been the result of the shipwreck rather than of being locked in chains.
RELATED ISSUE: If Haidee's father could show that the prior claim was fraudulent, the claim would also be relevant to impeach Don Juan.  But the existence of prior claims, without more, can't be used to show that somone is "litigation-prone."

Tally-
Catwoman - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 8
Gilligan borrows Skipper's boat, speeds recklessly through shallow water, and destroys the boat.  Skipper sues Gilligan.  As proof of his damages, Skipper submits evidence that Thurston Howell recently offered $10,000 for a boat of the same make, model, and condition.  Is the evidence admissible as to Skipper's damages?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/19/03 at 05:46 p.m.

I don't think so because there is no proof that Howell is an expert on the value of boats-only that he is willing to pay an outragous price for one. I think boats, like cars, have a blue book value. That should be the evidence used.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 06:33 p.m.

Close enough!
Answer 8
No.  Normally, only an actual selling price of substantially similar personal property is admissible to prove the value of a particular item; an unaccepted offer is not admissible to prove value

Tally -
Catwoman - 4
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

The next question involves the excited utterance exception.  Here's a servicable definition: When a lay witness observes a sudden suprise on the face of another individual, he or she may testify as to the expressions and such he or she observed. The witness, as a general rule, may also testify to any emotional state observed in another person.

A sudden reaction or exclamation, an excited utterance, are made, often times, without thought, and thus it may be reasoned that the exclaimer would not have had time to fabricate any false statemnts.

According to the federal rules, in order for an excited utterance to be an excited utterance, it must fulfill three criteria. First there must be an excited event. Second, the statement must be said immediatly after the exciting event and finally the statement must be in response to the event.

Question 9
Francis Bacon is in court claiming he wrote the plays ascribed to Shakespeare.  (He asserts that before he could publish them, Shakespeare stole the manuscripts and published them under his own name.)  Bacon offers the testimony of Shakespeare's friend, Fred, that, while Fred and Shakespeare were at a tavern, a glass fell on Shakespeare's head and shattered.  Dazed and excited, Shakespeare shouted: "Bacon wrote the play!"  Shakespeare objects.  Bacon claims the statement is admissible under the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule. Is he right?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: dagwood on 01/19/03 at 06:44 p.m.

No...if Shakespear just said "Bacon wrote the play" he wasn't specific to any play.  Besides that there is no proof that what he said was related to any of Shakespears plays...

You're making me think, Steve...ouch.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/19/03 at 06:48 p.m.

I don't think so because the third rule the statement must be made about the event-assuming the event was he hit on the head with a glass.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/19/03 at 07:38 p.m.

Judges?  
The judges say... Catwoman!  Is this the year of the cat?
Answer 9
No.  The statement isn't an excited utterance, since an excited utterance must relate to the startling event that prompted it in order to be admissible.  Shakespeare's statement didn't have anything to do with the glass's falling on his head; therefore, it can't be an excited utterance.

Tally
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

This next one is a little tricky.  To score, you have to correctly state at least two of the three circumstances listed on this question.  Note - every wrong reason will be counted against you.  And the first person to get three out of three will automatically win:

Question 10
Grumpy the Dwarf is kidnapped.  The kidnapper phones Snow White, demanding a ransom of $1,000 per inch of Grumpy, or $32,000 all together.  The police suspect that Evil Stepmother is the culprit.  They tap her phone (under a valid warrant).  At her trial on kidnapping and extortion charges, the tape is offered into evidence by the prosecution.  It consists of this comment: "This is Evil Stepmother.  I'm giving you one more chance-- pay or you'll never see your little friend alive again."  Under what circumstances, if any, is the tape admissible? List at least two reasons.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/19/03 at 07:55 p.m.

I think I am going to lose this one because I can only think of one (maybe two) reason. The phone was tapped using legal means-they had probable cause and had a judge issue a warrent. Therefore it would admissable. Second, (I don't know if this is right or not) Snow White, who was on the other end of that taped conversation gave her consent for it to be used.


I guess Judge Judy doesn't have to worry about me taking over her job.  ;) (This is why I studied History, not the law.)



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/20/03 at 05:37 p.m.


Quoting:
Judges?  
Question 10
Grumpy the Dwarf is kidnapped.  The kidnapper phones Snow White, demanding a ransom of $1,000 per inch of Grumpy, or $32,000 all together.  The police suspect that Evil Stepmother is the culprit.  They tap her phone (under a valid warrant).  At her trial on kidnapping and extortion charges, the tape is offered into evidence by the prosecution.  It consists of this comment: "This is Evil Stepmother.  I'm giving you one more chance-- pay or you'll never see your little friend alive again."  Under what circumstances, if any, is the tape admissible? List at least two reasons.
End Quote



Let's see...so if we use common sense, and say what Cat said which was that the feds got the warrant and had probable cause...but would they have to prove that the speaker WAS Evil Stepmother?  I can't think of a second reason.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/20/03 at 06:12 p.m.

No points awarded on this tricky question, although both contestants were on the right track.
Answer 10
The audio tape is not admissible, unless all of the following occur:
- The voice is authenticated, by someone with personal knowledge of it, as being Evil Stepmother's (or an expert or the jury compares the sample with an authenticated voice specimen of E.S.);
- The prosecutor establishes that there was no subsequent editing
-The proponent proves how and when the tape was made.


Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1



Question 11
The police come across Ichabod Crane lying dead on the roadside.  The Headless Horseman is standing over him.  The Headless Horseman is standing over him.  An officer asks Headless: "What's going on here?"  Headless responds: "I guess I lost my head.  I just wanted to give that creep what he deserved."  Can Headless' statement be offered against him at the subsequent murder trial?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/20/03 at 06:15 p.m.


Quoting:
Question 11
The police come across Ichabod Crane lying dead on the roadside.  The Headless Horseman is standing over him.  The Headless Horseman is standing over him.  An officer asks Headless: "What's going on here?"  Headless responds: "I guess I lost my head.  I just wanted to give that creep what he deserved."  Can Headless' statement be offered against him at the subsequent murder trial?

End Quote



I believe yes.  He said it before the cop read him his Miranda rights, but he still said it and it can be used against him in the court.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/20/03 at 06:16 p.m.

No because he didn't exactly admit that he murdered Crane. And also, he was not issued his Maranda Rights-"Any thing you say can be used against you in a court of law."



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/20/03 at 06:31 p.m.

Beware the power Green Lanterns light!
Answer 11
Yes.  Headless' statement will be admissible as an "admission."
The only interesting issue raised by this fact pattern is actually one of constitutional Criminal Procedure, not Evidence: does admission of the confession run afoul of Miranda or otherwise violate the Fifth Amendment?  Because Headless' statement was made voluntarily, before Headless was in police custody, and because the question by the officer would not be characterized as "interrogation," neither Miranda nor any other aspect of the Fifth Amendment would prevent admissibility.

Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 1
TripsMom - 1

Question 12
A typewritten letter purportedly written by Michelangelo to Leonardo da Vinci is offered into evidence.  The letter includes the sentence, "By the way, in answer to the question in your February 25 letter, I don't think La Giaconda would look good with a mustache.  The myserious smile is plenty.  Can't wait to see the finished product."  Leonardo was working on the painting in secret, and Michelangelo was one of the few to know about it.  Could a jury determine the authenticity of the letter -- i.e., that it was written by Michelangelo -- on this statement alone? Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Indy Gent on 01/20/03 at 06:34 p.m.

Just a guess, but yes, by calling in a forgery expert.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/20/03 at 06:40 p.m.

There is no way to determine if Michelangelo wrote the letter by just looking at it. Leonardo could have written it. He knew all the details, too.




Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/20/03 at 06:48 p.m.


Quoting:
Question 12
A typewritten letter purportedly written by Michelangelo to Leonardo da Vinci is offered into evidence.  The letter includes the sentence, "By the way, in answer to the question in your February 25 letter, I don't think La Giaconda would look good with a mustache.  The myserious smile is plenty.  Can't wait to see the finished product."  Leonardo was working on the painting in secret, and Michelangelo was one of the few to know about it.  Could a jury determine the authenticity of the letter -- i.e., that it was written by Michelangelo -- on this statement alone? Why?
End Quote



The letter is typewritten.  There's no way, unless you can check the consistency of the ink, to determine its authenticity.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/20/03 at 06:57 p.m.

The first part of the question has been answered correctly...

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/20/03 at 06:59 p.m.

Fie!  They tricks us!  Tricksy hobbitses!

Um...they can't determine its authenticity because the statement isn't unique?  ???

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/20/03 at 07:04 p.m.

Unique...?  Did I heard somebody use the word "unique?"  Now, if someone would hitch that word up to the correct answer and add a couple of words here or there...

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/20/03 at 07:09 p.m.

Uh...they can't authenticate the statement because it's A) typewritten and B) the statement is not unique?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Indy Gent on 01/20/03 at 07:36 p.m.

I mistakenly thought it was handwritten without looking closer to the question. So unless the actual typewriter can be found, there is no other way.

Quoting:
Uh...they can't authenticate the statement because it's A) typewritten and B) the statement is not unique?
End Quote

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/20/03 at 07:45 p.m.

This was a difficult one.  No points.
Answer 12
Yes.  Under the "Reply doctrine," a letter's authorship can be authenticated on the grounds that it contains information that is special knowledge known to the author and few others.  So here, it's highly unlikely that the letter was by one other than Michelangelo, because no one else (or almost no one else) could have know enough to make the reference to the subject's smile.

Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 1
TripsMom - 1

Here's the last one for today:
Question 13
Someone kills Cock Robin with a bow and arrow.  Mrs. Robin, a witness, screams and points at the Sparrow: "You killed him! You killed him!"  Sparrow says nothing, but looks at her impassively.  (Assume that Sparrow is capable of talking when he wants to.)  Will Sparrow's silence be admissible against him as an "admission," at Sparrow's murder trial?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/20/03 at 07:50 p.m.

I don't think so because he didn't admit to anything.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 01:33 p.m.

So Sparrow didn't actually admit in speech to the killing, but he didn't say he didn't do it either...this is too ambivalent and ambiguous to be allowed in trial.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/21/03 at 02:05 p.m.

Ouch!  Our brilliant panel stub their toes on an arcane rule of law!  No points.
Answer 13
Yes.  Sparrow's conduct will be admissible against him as an "admission by silence."  A person's silence is admissible against him on this basis, where the person heard and accusation against himself, was able to respond, and remained silent although a reasonable person would have denied wrongdoing.
NOTE: If the accusation had been made against Sparrow by the police, while he was in their custody, his silence would not be admissible, because of his Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.

Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 1
TripsMom - 1

The next question deals with the Best Evidence Rule.  Here's a short definition: The Best Evidence Rule requires that the original of a document be presented at trial unless it is unavailable.  The issue is one of competency; the original of a document is the most reliable proof of what the document really said, as opposed to a copy that can be more easily altered.

Question 14
The marital status of Henry VIII is relevant to a case.  Henry testifies that he is currently divorced.  Must he produce his divorce decree, or is his testimony sufficient? Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 02:23 p.m.

According to the Best Evidence blurb, he must produce the document, and the original document.  Right?  Otherwise he could be lying.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/21/03 at 02:32 p.m.

Earl the Pearl!
Answer 14
The divorce decree must be produced.  A divorce can't be proven by oral testimony alone, because a divorce doesn't have an existence independent of the decree that attests to the divorce.  Therefore, under the B.E.R. the decree must be produced.  Note, however, that if the document is shown to be unavailable for some reason other than the proponents's serious misconduct, copies or oral testimony will be allowed.

Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 2
TripsMom - 1

Here's a devilishy tricky one...
Question 15
Whether or not Mephistopheles paid Faustus Shoe Repair for resoling is relevant to a case.  May Mephistopheles testify as to the payment, or must he produce a receipt?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/21/03 at 03:36 p.m.

I think... yes, he would need to produce a receipt or other proof of payment (i.e. cancelled check, etc).  He may simply testify to it, but if FSR is denying the payment, he may need to prove it.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 04:08 p.m.


Quoting:
I think... yes, he would need to produce a receipt or other proof of payment (i.e. cancelled check, etc).  He may simply testify to it, but if FSR is denying the payment, he may need to prove it.
End Quote



I agree with this.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/21/03 at 04:53 p.m.


Quoting:


I agree with this.  
End Quote




Me, too.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/21/03 at 05:10 p.m.

No, no and no!  If it please your honor, I'd like to introduce this as evidence in the case Reasonable People v. The Legal Profession:
Answer 15
He can testify without producing a receipt or explaining the whereabouts of the receipt.  The Best Evidence Rule doesn't apply here, because the fact to be proven-- the sales transaction-- exists independently of the writing; the writing isn't essential to proving the facts

Tally -
Catwoman - 5
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 16
Pluto is driving his friend Mickey to the park to watch fireworks.  It is getting dark quickly, but Pluto does not put on the headlights.  Donald, who is also out driving his car, runs a stop sign, and Pluto hits him.  Pluto sues Donald for negligence.  Donald claims contributory negligence, citing Pluto's failure to turn on his headlights.  At trial, Donald calls Snow White, an eyewitness, to testify.  Snow White testifies: "At the scene, Mickey whispered to me, 'We really should have had our headlights on.'"  Pluto objects.  Is the statement admissible against Pluto as an admission?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/21/03 at 05:19 p.m.

No, because Mickey was not driving.



Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/21/03 at 08:07 p.m.

Judges?  In a bitterly argued 5-4 decision the judges say:
Correct! (Expect a bitter minority dissent to be issued on this one)
Answer 16
No.  Pluto didn't make the statement; Pluto didn't adopt or authorize the statement made by Mickey, and Mickey isn't Pluto's agent, partner, or co-conspirator.  Therefore, the statement is no an admission usuable against Pluto.  Assuming (as seems likely) that it doesn't fit any other exclusion or exception, it's inadmissible hearsay.


Tally -
Catwoman - 6
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 17
Bob Crachit is on trial for embezzlement.  Tiny Tim appears as a defense witness.  On cross-examination, prosecutor asks: "Isn't Bob Crachit your father?"  Defense objects, claiming the question is improper.  Is it?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 08:10 p.m.

I guess it depends on how you look at it.

Proper: If Tim and Bob are related then Tim may be biased.

Improper: Well, it's irrelevant to Bob's embezzlement.

Tossup?  I actually think it would be improper because whether or not someone is your father does not affect whether or not he embezzled.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/21/03 at 08:14 p.m.

And your final answer, Earl?  I don't know what to chose from ^  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 08:16 p.m.


Quoting:
And your final answer, Earl?  I don't know what to chose from ^  
End Quote



I think it is improper because the question is irrelevant.

I still have one last lyric in the TMBG quiz if you wanna finish it off ;)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/21/03 at 08:40 p.m.

Darn.  I don't know, I know the question is inappropriate, I just don't know why...it has something to do with the relationship being irrelevant to the crime.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/22/03 at 11:38 a.m.

The question is a proper because like Rice Cube said, Tiny Tim could be bias by being related to the defendant.




Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/22/03 at 04:54 p.m.

AAAAAAH!  Give us a new one, I can't stand the suspense!  :o

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/22/03 at 05:37 p.m.

The Cat comes back!
Answer 17
No.  Because of the relationship of the witness to the accused, the prosecutor is entitled to impeach the witness with evidence of bias-- a showing that the witness is less than objective.  Bias can be shown in any number of ways, including that the party owes the witness money, or that there's a personal or a business relationship between them.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
Dagwood - 2
RiceCube - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 18
Investigations show that the Titanic sank because, contrary to popular belief, its "plug" was improperly installed.  The Titanic's owners, the White Star Line, sue Acme Boat Plugs, the installers, for breach of contract.  Acme calls its manager on the job, Robin Boatboy, to testify.  Robins answers a few general questions, then requests notes he took at the time of installation.  He glances at them and then sets the notes aside and testifies from memory.  Opposing counsel objects because the notes have not been authenticated.  How do you rule?  Opposing counsel's objection sustained or overruled.  Why?


Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/22/03 at 05:49 p.m.

Overruled.  He is the expert witness, those are his notes, I don't think anyone can dispute that.  Plus you have to call in experts on shorthand and codes and what not.  It's overkill.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/22/03 at 06:01 p.m.

I would also say Overruled for the same reason, plus he used the notes for reference, they were not submitted into evidence.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/22/03 at 06:09 p.m.

Earl!  Quicker than Charlie Hustler copping a plea (but generally much pleasanter)! The point, sirrah, is yours!

Answer 18
Objection overruled.  Robin only used the notes to refresh his memory; the note have not become substantive evidence, and therefore need not be authenticated.  For the same reason, they are not subject to the Best Evidence Rule or the hearsay rule.  However, under FRE 612, where a witness uses a writing to refresh memory, the notes must be made available to the opposing party so that that party can inspect the notes, cross-examine the witness about them, and introduce into evidence the portions relating to the witness' memory.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

The last question for the day:
Question 19
Dr. Decay, dentist, performs a root canal on Buckteeth Rogers.  Subsequently, Rogers' jaw becomes infected.  He sues Decay, claiming lack of informed consent due to failure to inform him of the possibility of infection.  Decay wants to testify that, although he didn't have a written consent form, it was his routine to warn all patients about the possibility of infection before performing a root canal.  Can Rogers successfully object to Decay's testimony?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/22/03 at 06:14 p.m.

Nope.  ALthough it was his routine to tell patients that there was a danger, without a signed consent form, there is no proof that he did it or not.  We all have things that we do 'routinely' but there has been more than one time that I have forgotten to wash the conditioner out of my hair, something that I routinely do.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/22/03 at 09:18 p.m.

Let me look at it a different way.  If this is a procedure that can cause infection, the dentist is supposed to have some record of the operation and warn the person of the risks, right?  So if he can't prove that he didn't warn the patient of the risks, and the patient gets the infection, then the dentist, with lack of proof, will be at fault, hands down.  So the patient can successfully knock down the dentist's testimony.

Or so I think.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: shazzaah on 01/22/03 at 09:25 p.m.


Quoting:
Let me look at it a different way.  If this is a procedure that can cause infection, the dentist is supposed to have some record of the operation and warn the person of the risks, right?  So if he can't prove that he didn't warn the patient of the risks, and the patient gets the infection, then the dentist, with lack of proof, will be at fault, hands down.  So the patient can successfully knock down the dentist's testimony.

Or so I think.
End Quote



Although I am not 100% sure, I have to agree with you here, since I deal with health and dental provider offices day in and out, I can tell you that most offices make a patient sign the don't sue me papers before they perform a procedure...and part of that paperwork is instructions on aftercare. This dentist would be a fool to not have the patient sign some kind of disclaimer..but I guess that is a possibility.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/22/03 at 09:39 p.m.


Quoting:


Although I am not 100% sure, I have to agree with you here, since I deal with health and dental provider offices day in and out, I can tell you that most offices make a patient sign the don't sue me papers before they perform a procedure...and part of that paperwork is instructions on aftercare. This dentist would be a fool to not have the patient sign some kind of disclaimer..but I guess that is a possibility.
End Quote



You know what, though?  I have had 3 root canals, all by different dentists and have never been asked to sign anything except a release for my insurance info and the papers that say I'm ultimately responsible for all charges.  I have also never gotten anything on aftercare, except when I had my wisdom teeth pulled.  I don't think they really worry about it unless the procedure is a surgical one, which a root canal isn't (per the ADA coding guidelines.)  I agree, though.  The dentist SHOULD have had some type of disclaimer.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/23/03 at 03:38 p.m.

Give me an 8, give me an 0, give me an S... And give the little lady a cigar!  Point 80s cheerleader.
Answer 19
No.  Evidence of Decay's habit or routine in responding to particular situations is admissible to prove he acted in conformity with his habit on the occasion in question.  The habit of an individual or the routine of an organization can be established by a knowledgeable witness's testimony that there was such a habit or routine.  Evidence of specific instances may also be used.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1
80s Cheerleader - 1

Question 20
Alfalfa is charged with embezzlement.  As a reputation witness, he calls Miss Crabtree to the stand.  She testifies: "Everyone in town knows what a docile, peace-loving young man Alfalfa is."  Is Miss Crabtree's testimony admissible?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/23/03 at 03:40 p.m.

No.  She can only speak from her experience, and not generalize.  Even though her statement may come from general knowledge there's no way she can know what "everyone" thinks.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/23/03 at 05:07 p.m.

Pardon the interuption.  
Remember, even if two people answer the first question correctly, the person giving the best reason for their answer wins the point.   :)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/24/03 at 10:35 a.m.

No.  As Rice said, she can only talk about how she feels, unless she can prove that she has spoken to every person in the town about him.  Besides, being 'docile and peace loving' has nothing to do with embezzlement.  If he had been charged with a violent crime, it may be admissible, but embezzlement isn't a violent crime, it is a crime of moral turpitude (got that from Judge Joe Brown ;))

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/24/03 at 03:45 p.m.

Can you spell "when you're hot you're hot!"  Around here, mister, we spell it 80s cheerleader!
Answer 20
No, because it isn't logically relevant.  Alfalfa's penchant for violence isn't in issue; his honesty is.  Note that, if Miss Crabtree's testimony had related to Alfalfa's honesty, it would have been admissible under the "Mercy Rule."

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 3
80s Cheerleader - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1


Question 21
Smiley Coyote catches Rodeo Runner and eats him for dinner.  When he is tried for Runner's murder, Coyote pleads insanity.  The prosecutor seeks to enter evidence of Coyote's running after other runners with a knife and fork as weapons, hiding his exploits from authorities, setting elaborate traps for road runners, and his general reputation for sinister ruthlessness.  Coyote objects to admission of this character evidence.  How do you rule, under the FRE (Federal Rules of Evidence)?  Sustain or overrule Coyote's objection?  Why?


Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/24/03 at 03:56 p.m.


Quoting:


Question 21
Smiley Coyote catches Rodeo Runner and eats him for dinner.  When he is tried for Runner's murder, Coyote pleads insanity.  The prosecutor seeks to enter evidence of Coyote's running after other runners with a knife and fork as weapons, hiding his exploits from authorities, setting elaborate traps for road runners, and his general reputation for sinister ruthlessness.  Coyote objects to admission of this character evidence.  How do you rule, under the FRE (Federal Rules of Evidence)?  Sustain or overrule Coyote's objection?  Why?



End Quote



What's the FRE?  Explain this.

My primary answer is that his objection should be overruled.  An insanity plea involves a defense on his character and all this evidence, although biased towards the electric chair, is testimony to his character.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/24/03 at 04:02 p.m.

I would have to say it would be sustained.  Prior acts are not admissible as evidence.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/24/03 at 04:03 p.m.


Quoting:


What's the FRE?  Explain this.

End Quote



Here's a definition from the Cornell University law site.
These rules govern the introduction of evidence in proceedings, both civil and criminal, in Federal courts. While they do not apply to suits in state courts, the rules of many states have been closely modeled on these provisions.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/24/03 at 04:03 p.m.


Quoting:
I would have to say it would be sustained.  Prior acts are not admissible as evidence.
End Quote


Oh snap, that is right...good call!

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/24/03 at 04:12 p.m.

While you kids fight it out, we'll throw this point to the One Eyed Aardvark!  Heehee, just kidding!  Earl the Pearl returns!
Answer 21
Objection overruled.  Coyote's insanity defense puts aspects of his character (namely, his mental health) "in issue."  The prosecutor is therefore entitled to show that Coyote's past misdeeds are incompatible with insanity.  Reputation, opinion, and specific acts are all admissible when character is in issue.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 4
80s Cheerleader - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Here's the last one for today:
Question 22
In the robbery trial of Sam the Sneak, Sam has had Phlebitz testify to Sam's honesty.  Gertrude the Gossip is now testifying on behalf of the prosecution.  Though Gertrude has never met Sam, she testifies that all the neighbors believe Sam's reputation is one of untruthfulness.  Under the FRE, should Getrude have been permitted to testify?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/24/03 at 04:17 p.m.

No.  If she has never met him, how can she testify as to his character?  Everything she knows of him is heresay

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/24/03 at 04:18 p.m.


Quoting:
No.  If she has never met him, how can she testify as to his character?  Everything she knows of him is heresay
End Quote



Darn, you jumped the gun on me :P

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/25/03 at 08:56 a.m.

No!
Answer 22
Yes. Gertrude need only be competent to testify as to what she has heard about Sam's reputation in the community.  FRE 405(a).  She need not have firsthand knowledge of his actual character.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 4
80s Cheerleader - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 23
The Maltese Falcon is a piece of evidence in a lawsuit.  Although no one takes the stand to authenticate it, it is identified by scraping away its black exterior to show that it is solid gold, and that, on its base, there is the inscription: "Property of Paramount props department," just as the real Falcon is known to bear.  Has the Falcon been properly authenticated even though no one took the stand to identify it?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/25/03 at 01:28 p.m.

I think there needs to be an expert, because this is based on published data about the falcon.  If someone had a copy of the data they could forge it (though I don't know why they would, considering it's gold).  So there needs to be more authentication even though it matches the published descriptions.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Banasy on 01/25/03 at 05:32 p.m.

Yes, it's authenticated.  ::) ;D
I really don't think it is, but Stevie told me I was wrong, so---I usually am wrong, which is why I don't do quizzes! :'(

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/25/03 at 05:39 p.m.

Kasper Gutman I distrust a close-mouthed man. He generally picks the wrong time to talk and says the wrong things. Talking's something you can't do judiciously, unless you keep in practice. Now, sir, we'll talk if you like. I'll tell you right out, I'm a man who likes talking to a man who likes to talk.
No point.
Answer 23
Yes.  The proponent of evidence can prove that an item of evidence is genuine by showing the item's distinctive characteristics.  Here, the object's appearance, together with its inscription, certainly seems distinctive.  The lack of a sponsoring witness who can say that this is the Falcon doesn't matter (though such a witness might be needed to testify the real Falcon bears the Paramount inscription).  
Also, FRE 902(7), giving self-authentification status to "inscriptions... purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and indicating ... origin" may apply, as well.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 4
80s Cheerleader - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

For the next question, we need this definition of the "present state of mind" hearsay exception:  Where a person explicitly describes his or her present state of mind (emotion, intent, motive, plan), the person's statement to that effect is admissible where the state of mind is relevant.


Question 24
Elmer Fudd chases Bugs Bunny through the woods, shooting at him, yelling "I've wost my mind!  I'm cwazy!  Ha ha ha!"  Elmer is tried for attempted murder.  He seeks to introduce the above statement in support of his insanity defense.  Will Elmer's statement be admissible under the "present state of mind" hearsay exception under the FRE?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/25/03 at 05:46 p.m.


Quoting:
For the next question, we need this definition of the "present state of mind" hearsay exception:  Where a person explicitly describes his or her present state of mind (emotion, intent, motive, plan), the person's statement to that effect is admissible where the state of mind is relevant.

End Quote



I'll go out on a limb and say yes.  If he is "insane" at the time he said it, then under that rule you posted, it is admissible as testimony.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/25/03 at 08:04 p.m.

No.  In order for a person to be 'insane' they cannot be able to understand that what they are doing is wrong (or wong, as Elmer would say :))  By him saying he has wost his mind and he is cwazy, he is in control of his faculties at that time.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/25/03 at 08:19 p.m.

And the point goes to - Cyclube!  Earl the Pearl returns!
Answer 24
Yes.  Under FRE 803(3), the statement is admissible under the "present state of mind" exception, because it is a direct assertion of Elmer's then present state of mind.  Note that Elmer's statement is hearsay, because it is an assertion introduced for its truth (that Elmer is indeed crazy).  (If Elmer had said "I'm the Kind of France," the statement would not be introduced to prove its truth , but as non-hearsay circumstantial evidence-- evidence from which we could infer that Elmer is mentally incompetent.  So there, no hearsay exception would be needed.)

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 5
80s Cheerleader - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 25
Butthead is arrested and kept in custody on armed robbery charges.  While in custody he gives a confession implicating both himself and his friend Beavis.  Now, Beavis and Butthead are both defendants in a joint trial on the armed robbery charges.  Butthead declines to take the stand.  The prosecution offers Butthead's confession, and agrees that the judge should issue a limiting instruction to the jury that the confession is admissible only against Butthead, not against Beavis.  Should the judge admit the confession on this basis?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/25/03 at 08:21 p.m.


Quoting:

Question 25
Butthead is arrested and kept in custody on armed robbery charges.  While in custody he gives a confession implicating both himself and his friend Beavis.  Now, Beavis and Butthead are both defendants in a joint trial on the armed robbery charges.  Butthead declines to take the stand.  The prosecution offers Butthead's confession, and agrees that the judge should issue a limiting instruction to the jury that the confession is admissible only against Butthead, not against Beavis.  Should the judge admit the confession on this basis?  Why?
End Quote



Beavis didn't sign the confession.  So the confession is only applicable to Butthead.  Beavis should get his own trial to clear his name.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/25/03 at 08:30 p.m.

If they are being tried jointly, then I would have to say it should, if they have the same attorney.  If they have separate attorneys, I would have to say no because Beavis won't have the opportunity to question Butthead on what he said in the confession.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/25/03 at 08:43 p.m.

Flexibility is everything!  Point 80s cheerleader! (Her answer was more detailed and correct, even though it'd be nice if you guys gave me a "yes" or "no" before the explanation  :))
Answer 25
No (and it's a reversible error if she does).  Even with a limiting instruction, the jury is likely to consider the confession as substantive evidence against Beavis, not just against Butthead.  Therefore, before D1's confession may be introduced against D2, D1 must take the stand and be meaninfully available for cross-examination.  Since Butthead refuses to take the stand (a refusal that's within his rights because of the Fifth Amendment, even if Beavis tries to require him to tesify), the confession can't come in at all.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 5
80s Cheerleader - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Last question for today:
Question 26
Smog Monster is on trial for destroying downtown Tokyo.  Godzilla is testifying for the prosecution.  To aid his testimony, Godzilla uses a small, plaster model of the city, and squashes with his fist the replicas of the buildings Smog Monster destroyed in real life.  Smog Monster's lawyer objects, claiming that the model requires authentication by the person who built it.  Is he correct?  Why? (Assume that monsters from Japanese horror movies are competent to testify in the jurisdiction, and that American law applies)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/25/03 at 08:54 p.m.

No, the model is not being introduced as evidence to the crime, it is merely a visual aid (like a drawing of an intersection to use in a trial about a car accident).

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/25/03 at 09:01 p.m.

I think the cheerleader's answer is good, so I'll do the opposite anyway ;)

I believe in the absence of video or photographic footage, a model has to be authenticated by experts to make sure the city was built right, etc, and then he has to smash the right buildings...so objection sustained.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/26/03 at 05:12 p.m.

The little lady with the bouncing red pom-poms scores!  
Answer 26
No.  A witness may use models, photos, and maps to illustrate his testimony as long as he testifies from personal knowledge that the exhibit fairly represents what it is designed to represent.  Thus, there's no need for separate testimony from the photographer, model-builder, etc.
NOTE: The judge has discretion to exclude demonstrative evidence if he believes it will likely be misleading or useless.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 5
80s Cheerleader - 4
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 27
In David's murder trial for the killing of Goliath, the prosecution seeks to enter the murder weapon, David's slingshot, into evidence.  The prosecutor calls David's best friend, Sparky, to the stand, and asks if he recognizes the slingshot.  Sparky responds, "Yup, that's David's, all right.  It's got notches in the handle for every giant he's killed.  I'd know it anywhere."  Must the court now admit the slingshot into evidence?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/26/03 at 05:44 p.m.

No, because Sparky never actually said that he had seen David with it. Also, I think that Sparky has the "authority" to state whether it is David's or not. If they asked David if it was his weapon, then it could be used.




Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Banasy on 01/26/03 at 08:33 p.m.

Yes, for the same reason as #26. However, I would think that the defense would object to the prejudicial statement of the notches...and the judge would sustain that . He would, however, let the testimony that Sparky recognizes it as David's remain.

Or Steve is just setting me up again. :D

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/26/03 at 08:42 p.m.

The Goddess of Whine, doing fine!
Answer 27
Yes.  Once an item of physical evidence has been "authenticated," it's admissible if relevant.  The requirement of authentication is satisfied by "evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims."  Sparky's testimony here is certainly sufficient to support a finding that the item is indeed David's slingshot.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 5
80s Cheerleader - 4
Dagwood - 2
Banasy - 1
TripsMom - 1

The last question for today.

Question 28
Quasimodo sues his plastic surgeon, Skip Scalpel, for malpractice.  At the trial, Quasimodo's lawyer wants to demonstrate his injuries by poking at Quasimodo's scars, which will make Quasimodo scream in pain.  Will the judge allow the demonstration?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/26/03 at 08:49 p.m.

While this is evidence, I'd think that this sort of evidence should be put forth in the form of a deposition tape...and maybe not appropriate for a "live court show".  I think it would be disallowed under that circumstance.

But if it were in taped deposition I guess it would be fine.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Banasy on 01/26/03 at 09:05 p.m.

No, Quasi can be faking. The medical evidence should be enough, but the whole screaming thing is just too leading.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/27/03 at 03:30 a.m.

Banasy, Banasy, Banasy!  Point to the girl with the strange, strange avatar!
Answer 28
No, because the demonstration will be so dramatic and inflammatory as to outweigh its probative value.  As such, the demonstration will probably not be admitted.
NOTE: The court has broad discretion in permitting demonstrations.
RELATED ISSUE: Bodily exhibitions and demonstrations generally are permissible, e.g., to show injuries.  However, the court has discretion to prohibit prejudicial exhibitions (like Quasimodo's).

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 5
80s Cheerleader - 4
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 29
A tape-recorded conversation in Richard Nickerson's office is at issue in a trial.  The tape recording has an 18-minute gap in it.  Nickerson claims his secretary, Rosemary Woodhead, accidentially shut the recorder off while she was adjusting the timer.  The prosecution seeks to conduct an in-court demonstration using another recorder; the purpose of the demonstration is to show that to inadvertently shut the recorder while adjusting the timer is impossible and, thus, that the erasure must have been an attempt to destroy evidence.  Under what circumstances will the demonstration be allowed?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/27/03 at 08:46 a.m.

This is one of those "model" questions, right?

So I guess you'd need an unbiased volunteer...someone who doesn't know what's going on (which is like impossible to find in a high-profile trial, but humor me).  Then you'd need to reconstruct the desk and use an identical tape recorder.

Other than that... :-/

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/28/03 at 10:44 a.m.

The prosecution would have to have an expert in the use of the recorder do the demo.  If the secretary shut off the recorder while adjusting the timer, the recorder would stop recording, wouldn't there only be a few second gap, not an 18 minute gap.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/28/03 at 05:26 p.m.

Say the magic woid and win a prize!  The magic word? Substantially identical!  Johnny, what do we have for Earl!
Answer 29
The prosecution will first have to prove that material conditions between the actual event and the demonstration are substantially identical.  For instance, the prosecution will have to demonstrate what make and model of tape recorder was used to make the original, and will have to show that the same make/model is being used for the demonstration.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 6
80s Cheerleader - 4
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 30
Patrolman Pete testifies he stopped defendant, Shernott Home, and found a package of white powder on his person.  He testifies that he turned the package over to the police lab.  The prosecutor then seeks to introduce a package of cocaine into evidence, saying it's the package that was found on Home's person.  The defense objects on the grounds that the package hasn't been authenticated.  How should the judge rule?  Defense objection sustained or overruled?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/28/03 at 05:32 p.m.


Quoting:
Question 30
Patrolman Pete testifies he stopped defendant, Shernott Home, and found a package of white powder on his person.  He testifies that he turned the package over to the police lab.  The prosecutor then seeks to introduce a package of cocaine into evidence, saying it's the package that was found on Home's person.  The defense objects on the grounds that the package hasn't been authenticated.  How should the judge rule?  Defense objection sustained or overruled?  Why?
End Quote


Hmmm...objection sustained.  Remember organic chemistry?  Everything (EVERYTHING) you purified or synthesized is a white powder.  Not to mention the various brands of ziplock and sandwich bags.  They need to introduce more evidence before this "cocaine" can be admitted as evidence.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/28/03 at 07:13 p.m.

If Patrolman Pete followed the chain of evidence rules and verifies that it is indeed the bag found, it can be introduced.  If not, then it shouldn't be.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/28/03 at 07:27 p.m.

Did someone say "chain of evidence?"  Yes!  80s cheerleader is smoking!
Answer 30
The objection should be sustained.  Absent evidence about the custody of the package from the time it was turned over to the lab until its production at trial-- what's called a "change of custody"-- the package hasn't been authenticated and isn't admissible.  The reason is that without a chain of custody, we don't know that the package is the same one that was originally seized by Pete.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 6
80s Cheerleader - 5
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Last one for today.

Question 31
Following Scrooge's death, his bank safe deposit box is opened for the first time in 25 years.  A document inside, labeled "My Will," and dated 26 years previously, purports to leave all Scrooge's money to the Parapsychology Society.  Over objection, absent any other evidence or testimony, can the will be authenticated, under the FRE? (In other words, does the court accept the authenicity of the will, or does it require more evidence or testimony to be proved authentic?)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/28/03 at 07:39 p.m.

It can accept the authenticity of the will, but first, it needs to verify whether or not there have been any subsequent wills made.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/28/03 at 09:15 p.m.

Kinda like the Ted Williams napkin will thing, eh?  :P

What she said ^

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/29/03 at 04:46 p.m.

80s cheerleader!  
Answer 31
Yes.  FRE 901(b)( 8 ) specifies that an ancient document can be authenticated by "evidence that (A) is in such condition as to create no suspicion concerning its authenticity, (B) was in a place where it, if authentic, would likely be, and (C) has been in existence 20 years or more at the time it is offered."  Here, there's nothing to create suspicion that the document may be invalid; a safe deposit box is a logical place for a will to be; and the date (plus the length of time since the last opening of the box) indicates that the document is at least 20 years old.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 6
80s Cheerleader - 6
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Now, a short definition of "excited utterance:"  The excited utterance exception admits hearsay statements made while the declarant was under the stress or excitement of a particularly startling event, on the theory that such stress or excitement precludes the kind of reflection necessary for the declarant to fabricate, and hence renders such out-of-court statements sufficiently reliable.

Question 32
The Dark Fairy touches Sleeping Beauty, putting a spell on her and condemning her to unconsciousness for 100 years.  The moment Sleeping Beauty awakens, she says: "The Dark Fairy did it!"  When Sleeping Beauty sues the Dark Fairy for battery, Sleeping Beauty offers her statement as an "excited utterance."  Dark Fairy objects, claiming an excited utterance must be made at or near the time of the event.  How do you rule?  Defense objection sustained or overruled, and why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/29/03 at 04:49 p.m.

Overruled.

I believe under that rule, where the wording is about an event that's "exciting" or puts someone under "stress," this applies to Sleeping Beauty's being forced to sleep for 100 years.  So since she is under stress and if they can prove that she was still under stress when she wakes up and blurts, then her statement is valid.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/29/03 at 04:59 p.m.

I would also have to say overruled.  Because SB has been asleep for 100 years, when she first wakes up, she wouldn't realize how long it's been, therefore, in her mind, it is immediate.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/29/03 at 06:10 p.m.

Earl battles his way to a tie for first place!
Answer 32
Objection overruled.  The statement is admissible under the "excited utterance" exception to the hearsay rule because, although 100 years had passed, Beauty was still under the stress of the excitement from the event.  Her statement would be admissible under both FRE 803 (2) and the common law.  (While the amount of time which had passed between event and statement is certainly one factor in deciding whether the delarant was still under the stress of the event, it's not the only factor.  Loss of consciousness by the declarant is another important factor, tending to negate the passage of time and to make it more likely that the declarant was still excited.)

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 7
80s Cheerleader - 6
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 33
The French Maid rushes into the Master's study, only to find him on the carpet, bleeding profusely, with a sharpened umbrella through his chest.  She rushes to him, props him up, and he mumbles feebly:  "The butler did it."  He slumps over and dies.  At the butler's murder trial, the prosecutor offers the French Maid's testimony as to the Master's statement, to prove the butler did it.  Butler objects on hearsay grounds: "Everyone always says I did it."  How do you rule, under the FRE?  Defense objection sustained or overruled?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/29/03 at 06:14 p.m.

Ack!  Tough one...

Let's say objection overruled, because unless there was another butler in the house, he will be the only one implicated by the dying dude's last words.  So there is no hearsay here.

I'm going home.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/29/03 at 06:46 p.m.

I would say overruled because it was said directly to her.




Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/29/03 at 06:53 p.m.

I have to agree with Rice and Catwoman.  Overruled.  I think this would fall under the "excited utterance" rule from the previous question.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/29/03 at 08:10 p.m.

We have... a three way tie!!!  (Okay, everyone got "overruled" right, and noone really got the "why" right, but... a three way tie!)  80s cheerleader gets the point!  
Read this answer carefully...
Answer 33
Objection overruled.  Master's statement is an out-of-court statement that is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted-- that the butler "did it."  So it's hearsay.  However, the statement qualifies as a dying declaration.  FRE 804 (b)(2) gives an exception for: "In a prosecution for homicide or in a civil action or proceeding, a statement made by a declarant while believing that the declarant's death was imminent, concerning the cause or circumstances of what the declarant believed to be impending death."
Here, we have: (1) a homicide prosecution; (2) a statement made at a time when the declarant (Master) believed he was about to die; (3) explaining the cause of the impending death (action by the butler); and (4) declarant now unavailable.  So all requirements are met.

Tally -
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 7
80s Cheerleader - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Last question for today.

Question 34
Ben Hur races through a pedestrian crossing in his chariot and hits a pedestrian named Mortius.  A passerby, Witneus, rushes to help Mortius, who says, weakly, "It was that maniac Ben Hur who hit me.  Please call my tennis club and tell them I'll have to reschedule my court time next week."  He then dies (somewhat unexpectedly, since his injuries hadn't seemed that severe).  At Ben Hur's subsequent trial for vehicular homicide, is Mortius' statement admissible, over objection, as a "dying declaration"?  Why?


Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/29/03 at 08:17 p.m.

Okay, so let's see here...

Ben-Hur didn't kill the guy at first, but he subsequently died, so that's involuntary manslaughter, right?  So if he didn't kill the guy at first, then it wouldn't be a dying declaration.  So he can use that statement in court to identify the culprit, but not to incriminate him for murder.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/29/03 at 08:18 p.m.

I would have to say no because he didn't know he was going to die.  By telling Witneus to reschedule his tennis, he thought he was going to live.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/30/03 at 03:20 p.m.

80s cheerleader takes a long step towards the prize!

Answer 34
No.  In order to qualify as an exception to the hearsay rule, a dying declaration must be made "by a delcarant while believing that the declarant's death was imiminent..."  Mortius clearly didn't have an impending sense of death when he made the statement, as evidenced by the fact that he believed he would be alive to play tennis in the future.

RATIONALE: The theory behind the exception is that no one wants to die with a lie on his lips; where the declarant thinks he's going to live, the rationale doesn't apply.

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 8
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 35
Rosebud Rosenbluhm suffers smoke inhalation when she is watching a play at the Iroquois Theatre and the theatre catches fire.  Firefighters carry Rosebud outside, where she sees Iva Match, who set the fire.  With her last ounce of energy, Rosebud points at Iva, and screams, "That's her!  I saw her pour gasoline on the curtain and set it afire!  She killed me!"  Rosebud then wilts and dies.  The prosecutor charges Iva with arson, but not with the homicide of Rosebud.  Under the FRE, can Rosebud's statement be used as a "dying declaration" against Iva at trial, over Iva's hearsay objection?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/30/03 at 03:27 p.m.


Quoting:

Question 35
Rosebud Rosenbluhm suffers smoke inhalation when she is watching a play at the Iroquois Theatre and the theatre catches fire.  Firefighters carry Rosebud outside, where she sees Iva Match, who set the fire.  With her last ounce of energy, Rosebud points at Iva, and screams, "That's her!  I saw her pour gasoline on the curtain and set it afire!  She killed me!"  Rosebud then wilts and dies.  The prosecutor charges Iva with arson, but not with the homicide of Rosebud.  Under the FRE, can Rosebud's statement be used as a "dying declaration" against Iva at trial, over Iva's hearsay objection?  Why?
End Quote



Hmmm...

I think that statement can be used as a dying declaration that Iva did start the fire, but not that Iva killed Rosebud.  Because Rosebud was the witness to who started the fire, that part of the statement is valid.  But going back to all those other FRE rules, I think there's one in there that says that she was not dead when she uttered "she killed me" but died after...or something like that.  I dunno, semantics :P

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/30/03 at 03:51 p.m.

I would also have to say yes.  Rosebud's statement would be admissible if they found that the fire had been started with gasoline on the curtains.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/30/03 at 07:20 p.m.

Ouch!  The runners stumble!  No point.
Answer 35
No.  Dying declarations are only admissible, under FRE, "in a prosecution for homicide or in a civil action or proceeding."
If Iva were being prosecuted for killing Rosebud, Rosebud's statement would qualify as a dying declaration under FRE, because Rosebud is unavailable, she believed she was about to die, and the statement concerned her personal knowledge as to the circumstances of her death.
NOTE: Under the traditional common law rule, the dying declaration could only be utilized in homicide cases; the FRE allow the exception in civil cases as well.

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 8
Catwoman - 7
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Last one for today:

Question 36
During a recess in Sam Snortline's drug possession trial, the judge spots Sam in the restroom smoking marijuana.  When the trial resumes, the judge voluntarily takes the stand to testify to what he saw.  Can he do so under the FRE?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/30/03 at 07:49 p.m.

I believe so.  The judge first has to be sworn in as a witness like everyone else who took the stand.  But then who would try the case, since the judge is now on the stand and can technically sustain or overrule objections at his leisure?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: CatwomanofV on 01/30/03 at 07:51 p.m.

No, because he did not the witness the "crime" that he is on trial for. If he gets charged again for the incident in the restroom, THEN the judge can be a witness to that.


Cat

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/30/03 at 07:58 p.m.

I agree with Cat.  Plus, prior or subsequent acts are not admissible.  

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Ripp on 01/31/03 at 09:37 a.m.

Just a Little fun calmer -
Q 37 = Felicta Sertin is accused of murder of Taeks Hyurp. You imagine you are either the judge, or one of the audience. Steve H, you are the Judge. Everyone act like the Audience. Get on with this fun bit and enjoy playing!

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 01/31/03 at 03:15 p.m.

The Cat claws back!
Answer 36
No.  Under FRE 605, the judge is incompetent as a witness because she must remain impartial.  The adverse party need not object to preserve this point of appeal.
NOTE: Under FRE 606, jurors are also disqualified as witnesses, because they too must remain impartial.

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 8
Catwoman - 8
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 37
In Pothead's drug smuggling trial, the prosecution seeks to introduce the expert testimony of Dr. Mary Juana, who will testify that marijuana causes psychosis in laboratory mice.  What should be the basis of Pothead's objection to Juana's testimony?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 01/31/03 at 03:46 p.m.

I would have to say that it's irrelevant.  It has nothing to do with the crime itself.  The effects on lab mice have nothing to do with smuggling.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 01/31/03 at 04:03 p.m.

Just because he's smuggling the marijuana doesn't mean he's using the stuff.  So what ^ said ;)

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 02/01/03 at 09:38 a.m.

80s cheerleader!
Answer 37
Irrelevance.  Juana's testimony will not assist the trier of fact, since the drug's dangers (or lack thereof) do not make any material fact at issue in the smuggling charge either more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 9
Catwoman - 8
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Answer 38
Archie Enemie is teminally ill.  With his dying breath, he whispers, "I killed Jimmy Hoffa when my brother Bitter and I were trying to kidnap him."  The prosecutor now tries to use this statement in a prosecution of Bitter Enemie for the Hoffa murder, to prove that Bitter killed Hoffa.  Does the statement qualify under the dying declaration exception?

Subject: Come on Take my Fun calmer!

Written By: Ripp on 02/01/03 at 09:59 a.m.

No-one playing my little fun calmer? It gives u a break! Jeese u dont like taking breaks then live tired Jeese

Subject: Come on Take my Fun calmer!

Written By: Ripp on 02/01/03 at 10:13 a.m.

No-one playing my little fun calmer? It gives u a break! Jeese u dont like taking breaks then live tired Jeese ok?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Rice Cube on 02/01/03 at 11:52 a.m.


Quoting:
Question 38
Archie Enemie is teminally ill.  With his dying breath, he whispers, "I killed Jimmy Hoffa when my brother Bitter and I were trying to kidnap him."  The prosecutor now tries to use this statement in a prosecution of Bitter Enemie for the Hoffa murder, to prove that Bitter killed Hoffa.  Does the statement qualify under the dying declaration exception?

End Quote



"With his dying breath..." makes me think that yes, it would qualify under the dying declaration.  However, it would only apply to Archie, since Bitter, although implicated, isn't there to defend himself.  This is sorta like the Beavis and Butthead question, but now you don't have Archie to be cross-examined because he's dead, so you can't use the statement to charge Bitter.  Have to gather more evidence for Bitter before he can take the stand.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 02/01/03 at 11:52 a.m.

If they are trying Bitter for comitting the actual homicide himself, then I would have to say no as Archie clearly stated that he (Archie) killed JH.  Now, if they are trying Bitter as an accesory to murder, then I would have to say yes, it would be, as the murder occurred during the comission of a crime (kidnapping).

Well, either way, at least we now know what happened to Jimmy Hoffa. ;D

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 02/01/03 at 06:25 p.m.

Ouch!  No point.

Answer 38
No.  The statement is inadmissible hearsay.  It is not admissible under the "dying declaration" exception to the hearsay rule, because that exception requires that the declaration concern the cause or circumstances of the declarant's own impending death, not someone else's death.

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 9
Catwoman - 8
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 2
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1


Question 39
Bart Luck is found dead in his study by his maid, Hazel.  Cardinell Syn is arrested and tried for murdering Bart by filtering sodium cyanide into the study.  Hazel testifies for the prosecution: "When I found him, there was a faint smell of almonds in the room."  (The distinctive smell of sodium cyanide is often likened to the smell of almonds.)  Defense counsel objects, claiming that Hazel isn't competent to offer her opinion on the presence of sodium cyanide and that expert testimony is needed.  How do you rule?  Defense objection sustained or overruled?  Why?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Banasy on 02/01/03 at 06:47 p.m.

I would say overruled- she was testifying to something she smelled, not that it was necessarily cyanide. She never said it was cyanide-only that she smelled almonds. She did not say "Hey, I smelled almonds-it must be cyanide." You don't have to be an expert to state what you think an odor is.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 02/01/03 at 07:50 p.m.

Banasy rules!

Answer 39
Objection overruled.  Lay opinion testimony is admissible for "sense impression" within the everyday experience of ordinary people.  Hazel's testimony to the "almond" smell is thus admissible.  (But if she were to testify that she smelled the "smell of sodium cyanide," this statement probably wouldn't be admissible, unless she was shown to have a special knowledge or expertise in identifying the smell of that chemical.)

Tally -
80s Cheerleader - 9
Catwoman - 8
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1

Question 40
At a trial, expert testimony concerning hieroglyphics is required.  One party offers the testimony of Jean-Claude Champollion, who speaks several ancient languages and was the first to "crack" the Stone.  However, Champollion, age 17, is completely lacking in academic credentials and has not published anything.  Can he still qualify as an "expert"?

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: 80s_cheerleader on 02/01/03 at 07:56 p.m.

I would have to say yes.  Just because he lacks academic credentials doesn't mean he isn't an expert on the subject.  If he speaks the language, and was the first to crack the stones, I would think that should be sufficient.  Whether or not he has published anything should have no bearing either.

Subject: Re: You Be the Judge

Written By: Steve_H on 02/01/03 at 08:29 p.m.

We've have a winner!!!  80s cheerleader is officially the smartest person on the board!
http://www.click-smilie.de/sammlung/party/party020.gif

Answer 40
Yes.  Under FRE 702, although education or training certainly help to qualify an expert, his knowledge, skill, and experience alone can suffice.  Thus, a convicted burglar could give expert testimony as to the use of crowbars, wires, etc. in burglary, or a marijuana user could give expert testimony that a particular sample of marijuana hails from Hawaii.

Final Tally

80s Cheerleader - 10
Catwoman - 8
RiceCube - 7
Banasy - 3
Dagwood - 2
TripsMom - 1